Using Marie vacuum residue as raw material, the acetic acid⁃peroxyacetic acid oxidation system was used to pre⁃oxidize the vacuum residue, and N, N⁃dimethylformamide (DMF) was used to extract and remove sulfide in the residue. Under the conditions of m(residue)/m(solvent)=1 ∶ 1, Investigate the effects of oxidant dosage, reaction time and temperature on the removal of sulfur content in residue oil. X⁃ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier infrared spectrometer (FT⁃IR) The organic sulfur type distribution and functional groups of the residual oil before and after oxidation were detected. The results show that under the conditions of m(residue oil)/m(solvent)/m(acetic acid⁃peroxyacetic acid)=5 ∶ 5 ∶ 4, oxidation temperature 70 ℃, and oxidation time 50 minutes, the C-S stretching vibration absorption peak of the oxidized residue is obviously weakened. Thiophene type sulfur can be removed by extraction after being oxidized to sulfones. The sulfur content of the residue is reduced from 4.01% to 2.67%, the desulfurization rate reaches 33.37%, and the residue yield is 94.82%.

The desulfurization law of high sulfur petroleum coke was studied by chemical oxidation method. In this paper, hydrogen peroxide was used as oxidant, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as catalysts. The influences of petroleum coke particle size, the ratio of oxidant volume and petroleum coke mass (liquid⁃solid ratio), reaction time and reaction temperature on the desulfurization effect were investigated. The experimental results show that the desulfurization effect of hydrogen peroxide⁃formic acid oxidation system is the best, which is better than the other two oxidation systems. The petroleum coke particle size is 100 mesh, the liquid⁃solid ratio is 20 mL/g, the oxidation reaction time is 18 hours, and the reaction temperature is 60 ℃ for oxidation. Under the optimum conditions of the desulfurization experiment, the sulfur content of petroleum coke decreased from 3.32% to 2.65%, and the desulfurization rate reached 20.2%.

The oxidation⁃extraction process was used to desulfurize of the visbreaking diesel oil, O3 was used as oxidant, formic acid was used as catalyst, and polar oxides such as sulfoxide and sulfone were extracted and separated from diesel oil by polar organic solvent. The effects of oxidation time, oxidation temperature, ratio of extractant to oil and amount of formic acid on the desulfurization rate of diesel oil in the reaction system were investigated, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined. The results showed that the sulfur content of visbreaking diesel oil decreased from 4 980 μg/g to 490 μg/g and the desulfurization rate was 90%. By comparing the properties of visbreaking diesel oil before and after oxidation, it can be concluded that the oxidation⁃extraction method can also improve the chromaticity and acidity of visbreaking diesel oil.

In order to improve the accuracy of leakage volume calculation of product oil pipelines, the error analysis of the input parameters used to calculate the leakage volume of product oil pipelines is carried out, including the time lag error of the pipeline operation data, the numerical error of the pipeline inner diameter and the numerical error of the oil physical properties. Through the sensitivity analysis of the input parameters, it is found that the leakage volume is the least sensitive to flow rate. The variation rate of pipeline leakage is positively correlated with time lag rate, pressure change rate and inner diameter change rate, while it is negatively correlated with flowrate change rate. The sensitivity of pipeline leakage volume to each input parameter is different within the range of variation rate of parameters.

Adopt solvent refining and chemical caustic washing method to enrich and extract phenolic compounds from Fushun shale oil, then analyzed and identified with gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fushun shale oil is extracted with N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent, and the extracted phase of oil the initially enriched phenolic compound is obtained. The phenolic compounds are converted into phenol sodium salt dissolved in the inorganic phase by chemical caustic washing method, then reverse extract via acidification after separation to obtain phenolic compounds. Through the analysis and identification, the relative mass fraction of phenolic compounds in Fushun shale oil will be increased from 4.06% to 73.74% after enrichment. 49 kinds of phenolic compounds are identified in the extracted products, mainly for phenol class, including C3 phenol compounds with the highest mass fraction at 27.69%, and followed by C2 and C4 phenols at 19.18% and 15.96%, respectively.

Sulfur was removed from diesel oil by using the ultrasonic oxidation process to reduce the sulfur content in diesel fuel. The effect of different oxidation temperature, oxidation time, oxidant dosage and catalyst dosage on diesel desulfurization were studied by experiments. Experimental results showed that using the formic acid mixture with sulfuric acid as catalyst, catalyst amount 2% (the volume ratio of formic acid and sulfuric acid in the catalyst was 3∶2), oxidant amount 9%, reaction temperature 70 ℃, reaction time 60 min, removing the sulfur in heavy oil catalytic cracking diesel oil by using ultrasonic oxidation, then through DMF extraction and oxidation, the diesel oil desulfurization rate could reach 83%， And cetane value was increasing, thus the quality of diesel oil was refined.

Yumen oil sands were chosen as the experimental material to separated oil from oil sands through wet-grinding by light oil and washing treatment by washing agent. The tailing sands were characterized by XRD. The factors includingamount of light oil, amount of washing agent, concentration of washing agent, reaction temperature were also studied. The results showed under the reaction conditions of mass ratio of naphtha to oil sands 0.15, mass ratio of washing agent to oil sands 1.5, concentration of washing agent 8%,reaction temperature 80 ℃, the oil recovery could be up to 96.5%.

According to the process characteristics of flashing retorting process, a set of suitable for high temperature oil washing oil vapor recovery technology was designed, combined with pilot plant field data, using plus Aspen software for process simulation. Shale oil was separated to heavy oil, heavy diesel oil, light oil fraction and gasoline fraction by the oil washing method. The process produced steam as byproduct and it had the advantages of high recovery rate, low oil loss, low energy consumption, and could effectively avoided environmental pollution. Using this process, the rate of gas recovery could be greatly enhanced: crude oil washing tower could recycle 39.7% of the oil steam, heavy diesel oil washing tower could recycle 60.3% of the oil steam. Compared with the traditional process, it could improve the recovery rate of 10%-20%.

The basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang province were investigated by a variety of experimental methods and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The properties of the oil shales such as oil yield, ash content, volatile component, calorific value, thermal intensity, rigidity and so on were investigated. The experimental result shows that the average oil yield is 7.32%, the average ash content is 65.94%, the average volatile component is 20.41%, the average calorific value is 4.55 MJ/kg, the thermal intensity and rigidity are both similar to the Fushun oil shales. In addition, the compositions of oil shales' ash were analyzed and demonstrated to be S i O2、 A l 2O3、 F e 2O3、 C a Oand MgO. Among them, SiO2 is main composition, followed by Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The comprehensive evaluation result shows that the basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang are close to that of Fushun oil shales, and the Fushun furnace retorting technology can suit the process of the Tacheng oil shale in Xinjiang.

The Separation of oil from the Inner Mongolian oil sand with washing method and its tails treatment for environment protection have been studied. The factors including washing temperature, the reagent weight fraction, the disengaging time and agents sand ratio on oil separation were checked, while in the tails treatment experiment, effect of the weight fraction of reagent on tailings oil content has been studied as well. The experimental results show that best oil separation performance could be obtained under the following conditions: washing temperature 80 ℃, the reagent mass fraction of 8%, separation time of 20 min, sand agent mass ratio of 2∶1. Inner Mongolia tailings treatment by washing multiply with low concentration of reagent, and the mass fraction of the oil content of the tailings can be reduced to 0.3%, which can meet with the requirement of emission standards of the tailings.

 

A high efficient decalcification agent without phosphorus or metal included was developed for Liaohe crude oil with high calcium content. The calcium contents in the crude oil before and after decalcification were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Influences of decalcification agent to calcium radio, water injection amount, working temperature, time for sedimentation and reaction were studied. The results show that when the decalcification agent dosage is 0.6, filling water ratio is 10%, reaction temperature is 90 ℃，the time for settlement is 10 h and reacting time is 5 min, the decalcification rate of Liaohe crude can reach more than 90%.